Preparations and characterizations of Ca doped Ni–Mg–Mn nanocrystalline ferrites for switching field high-frequency applications

Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn spinel ferrites with compositions of Ni_0·5Mg_0·3Mn_0.2Ca_xFe_2-xO₄ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were prepared via sol-gel auto-ignition technique. TGA/DTA, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and VSM were employed to evaluate the thermal, spectral, structural, morphological, and magnetic features of Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn spinel ferrites. TGA/DTA curves show the weight loss in the sample. This weight loss was attributed to the oxidation and decomposition of the sample contents at a temperature of 500 °C. XRD reveals a single-phase structure of the Ni–Mg–Mn nano ferrites. A single-phase orthorhombic structure was confirmed for Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn ferrites. Structural parameters such as lattice parameter, ‘da’, ‘db’, ‘dc’, and ‘dv’ were evaluated using unit cell software. The absorption peaks at 427 to 538 cm^?1 confirmed the spinel structure, which was evaluated using FTIR. FESEM analyses showed that the agglomerations increased with the doping of Ca in Ni–Mg–Mn ferrites. Remanence, Y–K angles, saturation, coercive force, magnetic squareness, magnetic moment, and anisotropy constant were determined for Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn spinel ferrite samples. It is noticed that saturation increases from 29.157 to 51.322 emu/g, whereas remanence increased from 5.34 to 9.40 emu/g, respectively. The permeability, anisotropy constant, and magnetic moments were also found to increase with Ca doping. However, the Y–K angles increased with Ca concentration in Ni–Mg–Mn nano ferrites. In addition, the switching field distribution (SFD) and high-frequency response of all the Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn samples were also evaluated. Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn samples are suggested to be suitable for switching, filters, inductors, and microwave absorption applications because of the superparamagnetic nature of the prepared spinel ferrites.     

Simulation based neuro-fuzzy hybrid intelligent PI control approach in four-area load frequency control of interconnected power system

This paper presents a novel control approach of hybrid neuro-fuzzy (HNF) for load frequency control (LFC) of four-area power system. The advantage of this controller is that it can handle the non-linearities, and at the same time it is faster than other existing controllers. The effectiveness of proposed controller in increasing the damping of local and inter area modes of oscillation is demonstrated in four area interconnected power system. Area-1 and area-2 consist of thermal reheat power plant whereas area-3 and area-4 consist of hydro power plant. Performance evaluation is carried out by using fuzzy, ANN, ANFIS and conventional PI and PID control approaches. The performances of the controllers are simulated using MATLAB/Simulink package. The result shows that intelligent HNF controller is having improved dynamic response and at the same time faster than ANN, fuzzy and conventional PI and PID controllers.     

红枣多糖的高压脉冲电场高效提取及其在卷烟中的应用

采用UV-Vis分光光度法测定红枣中多糖含量,考察了红枣多糖的高压脉冲电场高效提取及工艺优化,并进行了卷烟加香试验。通过分析高压脉冲电场强度、温度、液料比、脉冲频率4个因素对多糖提取率的影响,在单因素试验结果的基础上,设计正交试验。试验结果表明：最佳测定条件为A2B3C2D2,即高压脉冲电场强度为20 kV/cm、固定高压脉冲电场温度为100℃、液料比为15∶1（体积/质量）、脉冲频率为10000 Hz。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于红枣多糖的高效提取,最佳提取工艺条件下的提取率为3．01％。红枣多糖的卷烟加香试验表明,其能增加卷烟香气中的烤甜香韵,醇和烟气,改善口感。     

大型原点反共振振动筛的初步设计

针对传统大型振动筛筛箱侧帮易断裂,参振质量大,隔振效果差等问题,提出了将反共振理论用于振动筛的设计理念,建立了反共振振动筛的力学模型,并进行动力学分析,得到筛箱和下质体稳态时的响应振幅,通过绘制双质体系统的幅频特性曲线得到反共振振动筛的激振频率。利用Solidworks软件对反共振振动筛进行三维建模,完成了大型原点反共振振动筛的初步设计。结果表明:可调激振器位置的斜面设计使激振力通过上质体质心,保证了筛箱的正常工作。由圆柱形螺旋弹簧组成的弹簧座连接上、下质体及地面,保证了系统所需弹性系数;通过应用PID控制技术监控上下质体振幅,并改变激振频率来稳定上、下质体振幅,实现原点反共振振动筛振幅的稳定性控制。     

高压灰水泵变频改造节能效果分析

针对气化工序灰水系统高压灰水泵设计裕量偏大、运行效率低、电耗高、回流管线振动大的问题,将高压灰水泵改为变频调节。改造后,在2台气化炉运行的工况下,回流减压阀全关,电机电流由改造前的140 m A左右降至95 m A左右,节能效果非常明显,回流管线振动大的问题也随之解决。     

主扇风机高效运行与稳健启动实现研究

高效运行与稳健启动,是对矿井主扇风机的两个基本要求。通过异步电机几种调速方式的对比,结合实例说明主扇风机采用的高压变频调速装置,具有优良的启动特性和调速性能,可实现风机特性曲线的合理变化,获得经济运行工况点,降低了能耗,实现了重载软启动,是先进的电气控制技术。     

煤矿机电变频控制技术与节能

随着我国经济体制的不断改革,计算机技术、自动控制技术以及电子技术获得了迅速发展,同时带动了变频控制技术的发展脚步。变频控制技术因其便捷、高效和安全的特点被越来越多的应用到人们生活的各个领域,获得了各个行业的认可和广泛应用。煤矿的开采是一个耗能巨大的过程,电耗在整个能量消耗中占据很大的比例,而在这个过程中却存在着很大的能源浪费。在煤矿开采业中引进变频控制技术对整个行业来说有着很重要的意义,在节能省电方面起到重要的影响作用。     

辽河油田齐28区块井深结构设计与研究

以辽河油田齐28区块地质特征为依据,以现代钻井工艺理论为准则,以现代计算技术最优化科学理论为手段,确定了合理的开发井参数并设计了有效技术措施。主要设计内容有合理的地层划分、井身结构设计、钻具组合设计等几个方面,为该区块钻井工程的后续设计和施工提供了技术支持。